A Greedy algorithm is an algorithmic paradigm that builds up a solution piece by piece, always choosing the next piece that offers the most obvious and immediate benefit. So the problems where choosing locally optimal also leads to a global solution is the best fit for Greedy. eg. Dijkastras
Dynamic programming is mainly an optimization over plain recursion. Wherever we see a recursive solution that has repeated calls for the same inputs, we can optimize it using Dynamic Programming. The idea is to simply store the results of subproblems so that we do not have to re-compute them when needed later. This simple optimization reduces time complexities from exponential to polynomial.
Backtracking is a (usually recursive) approach to enumerate all possible solutions. Whenever a dead-end is encountered, the algorithm backs up and systematically tries to find a different solution.